{"id":13283,"date":"2023-06-13T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13283"},"modified":"2023-06-11T00:50:36","modified_gmt":"2023-06-10T22:50:36","slug":"letat-en-philo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13283","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;\u00c9tat en philo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Ici, c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e du bac philo. Pour ne pas se contenter de cours tristounets, nous avons choisi d&rsquo;aborder le sujet en famille en \u00e9largissant notre culture philosophique. Depuis quelque temps, chaque semaine, nous s\u00e9lectionnons un <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?tag=philosophie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"philosophe\">philosophe<\/a>. Nous avons ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 ce rituel d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier les 17 notions du programme de philo de terminale g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Apr\u00e8s <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13015\" title=\"l'art\">l&rsquo;art<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13023\" title=\"le travail\">le travail<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"la technique\">la technique<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"la conscience\">la conscience<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13110\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"l'inconscient\">l&rsquo;inconscient<\/a>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"la nature\">la nature<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"la libert\u00e9\">la libert\u00e9<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"le bonheur\">le bonheur<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"le temps\">le temps<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13180\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\" le langage\">le langage<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13214\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"le devoir\">le devoir,<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"la raison\">la raison<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"la science\">la science<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13231\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"la v\u00e9rit\u00e9\">la v\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/a>, <em><em><a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13248\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"la religion\">la religion<\/a><\/em><\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"la justice\">la justice<\/a>, terminons par l&rsquo;\u00c9tat<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Des vid\u00e9os pour mieux cerner la notion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><iframe title=\"R\u00e9visions bac philosophie : L\u2019Etat\" width=\"850\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sTgGbN_-gMA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><iframe title=\"L&#039;Etat - Bac de philosophie 2023\" width=\"850\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/y-uXAFXwSwA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><iframe title=\"L&#039;\u00c9tat - Cours de philosophie (BAC 2023)\" width=\"850\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Tugbu6Kw0vE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les th\u00e8ses, r\u00e9f\u00e9rences et exemples que nous avons not\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Machiavel : La l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 vient de l\u2019habilet\u00e9 du prince et non pas d\u2019un droit divin. \u00ab\u00a0En politique, le choix est rarement entre le bien et le mal, mais entre le pire et le moindre mal.\u00a0\u00bb But pas moral mais efficace. Il invente la raison d\u2019\u00c9tat\u00a0: l\u2019\u00c9tat peut violer la loi si cela permet de conserver l\u2019ordre social. \u00ab\u00a0La fin justifie les moyens.\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Locke : pouvoir de l\u2019\u00c9tat limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la sph\u00e8re publique (libert\u00e9 et organisation de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e). Ni religion, l\u2019\u00e9conomie, etc. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9tat de nature, l\u2019homme est libre et solidaire, mais mis\u00e8re et faim. Contractualiste. Il faut un \u00c9tat pour arbitrer les conflits. Mais l\u2019homme garde un droit de r\u00e9sistance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hobbes : L\u2019\u00c9tat a tous les pouvoirs, sinon les hommes voudront le renverser et retomberont dans la guerre civile. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9tat de nature (sans gouvernement), la vie de l\u2019homme est solitaire, pauvre, brutale et br\u00e8ve. \u00ab L\u2019homme est un loup pour l\u2019homme \u00bb : danger car affrontement permanent. Donc \u00c9tat s\u00e9curitaire n\u00e9cessaire. Image du L\u00e9viathan, monstre biblique \u00e9norme, seul capable de maintenir la paix, prot\u00e9ger l&rsquo;homme. Vision pessimiste. Aussi contractualiste.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Kant\">Kant<\/a> : Les \u00c9tats sont vou\u00e9s \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre au profit d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 internationale. Humains \u00e9lus donc raisonnables et sensibles -> m\u00e9fiance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13086\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Nietzsche\">Nietzsche<\/a> : \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019\u00c9tat est le plus froid des monstres froids.\u00a0\u00bb D\u00e9pourvu de sentiments et ne pense qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9. Il ment en affirmant qu\u2019il est le peuple. Hostile \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et valorise le travail donc le peuple n\u2019a plus la force de se rebeller. Le surhomme est dot\u00e9 d\u2019un potentiel illimit\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rousseau : La l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 repose sur le pacte du contrat social. Les hommes ne se soumettent \u00e0 une autorit\u00e9 que par un pacte librement consenti en \u00e9change de la s\u00fbret\u00e9 et de la libert\u00e9 autoris\u00e9e par la loi. Notion de consentement, de volont\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9tat de nature, l\u2019homme est naturellement bon, mais la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pourrait l\u2019entra\u00eener loin de sa bont\u00e9 naturelle. Mais l\u2019\u00c9tat n\u2019est l\u00e9gitime que s\u2019il pr\u00e9serve au maximum nos libert\u00e9s. Pour la d\u00e9mocratie directe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Toqueville : A observ\u00e9 la d\u00e9mocratie aux US. Met en garde contre conformisme, individualisme excessif et tyrannie de la majorit\u00e9. Risque : que l\u2019on devienne d\u00e9sint\u00e9ress\u00e9 de la pratique d\u00e9mocratique. D\u00e9fi permanent pour trouver un \u00e9quilibre entre \u00e9galit\u00e9 et libert\u00e9. Pour la d\u00e9mocratie participative : le peuple d\u00e9l\u00e8gue le pouvoir au gouvernement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/?p=13122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" title=\"Marx\">Marx<\/a> : L\u2019\u00c9tat est au service de la classe dominante. Seul l\u2019\u00e9veil des consciences permettra d\u2019abolir l\u2019\u00c9tat capitaliste au profit du socialisme.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arendt : Totalitarisme\u00a0= l\u2019id\u00e9ologie prime sur l\u2019individu et vise une domination totale. Un seul parti, propagande, terreur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ex divers : Un trop grand culte de l\u2019\u00c9tat peut mener au totalitarisme. Anarchisme : ni dieu, ni ma\u00eetre \u2192 pas de gouvernement. \/ \u00ab L\u2019\u00c9tat, c\u2019est moi ! \u00bb : pouvoir absolu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ici, c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e du bac philo. Pour ne pas se contenter de cours tristounets, nous avons choisi d&rsquo;aborder [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13154,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[699],"tags":[505],"class_list":["post-13283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-en-samusant","tag-philosophie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Etat.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13283"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13283\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13305,"href":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13283\/revisions\/13305"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/samuserensemble.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}